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No.376
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For the longest time, the narrative has been that donors come with lots of money to give to the local residents when they are doing their projects. The same mentality has been in existence with the RESULTS Japan. However, as from the next project, we are pushing an agenda that the people of Kangemi must be self-sufficient and do their activities by their own.
In that light, it has become necessary to inform the community health volunteers that the work they do is for the benefit of their people. We may not encourage a lot of payments to them.
In Japan, the volunteer system is such that no payment is expected. However, some expenses may be catered for. In the long run, as is the case with Kangemi, It is important for them to know how to support their activities, and be self-reliant.Most developed health systems are founded on a self-reliant framework. Therefore, even if donors quit, fundamental work can continue without much problem.
In the future, the Kenyan government should also be informed that its reliance on foreign donors can be its greatest undoing in making significant progress.
Thus, we shall be informing the CHVs to have such in mind from now on.
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“ 11
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40
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